Herbs - Scientific Evidence

December 18, 2015 By Thordur Sturluson Leave a Comment

The Timeless Lure of Asien Ginseng as an Aphrodisiac

For many people ginseng has become synonymous with the term aphrodisiac. Today, there are many ingredients and products that are believed to evoke sexual desire but ginseng seems to have become one of the most popular.

The basic question is to understand what an aphrodisiac and ginseng in general are and look at how this association between ginseng and sexual desire developed and addresses the main question: does ginseng really does live up to its reputation?

Aphrodisiacs and Ginseng explored

Before considering to use ginseng as an aphrodisiac it is a good idea to gain some general understanding of what an aphrodisiac is and does.

An aphrodisiac is mostly defined as any food or drug that arouses the sexual instinct, induces venereal desire and increases pleasure and performance. In simple terms, in order to be defined as an aphrodisiac a substance needs to stimulate or evoke sexual desire. The name aphrodisiac comes from the Greek word “aphrodisios” which refers to the Greek goddess of love Aphrodite.

The English word ginseng comes from the Chinese word rénshēn. Rénshēn when translated literally means “man root”. The physical characteristics of the root; its fork shape that elude to the legs of a man, are accountable for this name.

Carl Linnaeus was responsible for developing the basis of the modern biological naming scheme: binomial nomenclature where each species receives a Latin name (or a close version of it) of two parts, the first indicating the genus and the second for the specific species.

Linnaeus was familiar with the of the wide use of ginseng in Chinese medicine and what was believed to be its revitalizing properties for the entire body. Thus, he used the name panax as it means “all-heal” in Latin.

There are two types of ginseng namely; the American and the Asian, both are believed to act as aphrodisiacs. There is, however, some difference in the chemical composition even though the plants are closely related and contain almost the same active ingredients called ginsenosides.

Visit the herbal profile for Asian ginseng
Visit the herbal profile for American ginseng.

American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius) is primarily found in the Appalachian mountain region of North America. This form of ginseng was used by the Native Americans as a potent love potion as well as for the treatment of nausea and vomiting.

Asian ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is found in China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan. White Asian ginseng is the natural ginseng root that has simply been harvested and washed. It has not undergone any processing.

Red ginseng is Asian ginseng that has been steam or dried by sunlight or heat. Through this process the roots turn a red color. Superior and older roots are used to create the red ginseng as they withstand heat better. Red ginseng is thought to be more potent than its white counterpart.

Historical beginnings of Asian Ginseng as an Aphrodisiac

Emperor Shen-Nung was the second of China’s mythical emperors (3500-2600 BCE) and is generally accepted as the father of Chinese medicine. Emperor Shen-Nung authored the treaties ‘Shen Nung Benchau Jing’. This treaty makes reference to the topic of erectile dysfunction.

Shen-Nung researched the effect of ginseng. He personally tasted the plant and was said to have experienced “a warm and sexually pleasurable feeling” after chewing the ginseng root. He proposed that ginseng was an effective way to stimulate sexual desire and believed that it could be used as a treatment for erectile dysfunction.

Shen-Nung also advocated the use of ginseng as a tonic for ‘quietening the spirit, expelling evil effluvia and invigorating the body’ Only the emperors were able to use ginseng at during Shen-Nung’s time as it was believed to be too special for the common man.

The phallic shape of ginseng has also contributed to the historical belief that it was an aphrodisiac. Furthermore, its general resemblance to human form has lead traditional Chinese medicine to believe it has rejuvenating and aphrodisiac properties.

Contemporary Understanding

The Asien ginseng root has a series of tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins (ginsenosides) which are said to build energy and vitality and thus enhance physical performance. By doing this it is believed that the ginsenosides may also help to increase the libido of human beings. Thus, it is currently speculated that ginsenosides are responsible for the aphrodisiac affect that ginseng is thought to have.

Research published online in Food Research International Journal indicated that ginseng and saffron do in fact work as aphrodisiacs. The Researchers from the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, conducted an extensive review of dozens of studies. These studies examined different plant and animal substances that were strongly believed to have aphrodisiac properties. They concluded that ginseng and saffron were the most effective aphrodisiacs and were both proven to increase sexual desire.

There are a large variety of products on the market today that contain ginseng ranging from, honey to tea to capsules and creams. Capsules and extracts are a handy way to take ginseng, and generally provide a more concentrated dosage. Ginseng is also available in its pure form as a dried root and can be eaten either whole or sliced.

It seems that ginseng (Asian and American) popularity is well founded. Ginseng has maintained its status as an aphrodisiac, from the time when Shen-Nung attributed ginseng with aphrodisiac properties, until current times; a status that seems to be backed by research. Still more research is needed to firmly establish the aphrodisiac properties of Asian ginseng.

May 30, 2014 By Thordur Sturluson Leave a Comment

How to Use Turmeric for Acne

Nearly 85 percent of people in the Western world have had acne at some point or another in their lives. It can cause scarring in more than 40 percent of those who suffer from it and it’s the most common reason for seeing a dermatologist.

While many may think of acne as a problem just affecting teenagers during puberty, this skin disorder can continue to occur in 20 percent of adults. It can appear during puberty, between the ages of 10 and 13 and remain into adulthood and even span in to the elderly years.

What Is Acne?

Acne is a skin condition that usually occurs on the face, neck, shoulders and back. It is caused when openings for hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, and sometimes bacteria. They can take different forms. Non-inflammatory forms are called comedones, more commonly known as whiteheads or blackheads.

Inflammatory lesions come in four forms:

Papules – A small raised bump that may be red and tender.
Pustules (pimples) – A red, tender bump that has white pus at the tip.
Nodules – A large, painful lump that is solid and beneath the skin.
Cysts – A boil-like lump filled with pus beneath the skin.

The severity and length of appearance can depend on many things, such as hormones, stress, medications, and diet.

The myths that acne is caused by eating oily foods, chocolate, or dirty skin have all been found to be false. In fact, excessive cleaning of the skin may even make it worse.

Turmeric for Acne – The Science

Turmeric is said to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that aid in treating acne.

The use of turmeric as a herbal remedy is believed to have begun in Ayurveda, the traditional Hindu medical system from India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin. This ingredient is what causes turmeric to have its bright yellow color, and it’s the ingredient that’s believed to have the medical properties.

While those who practice Ayurveda medicine claim that it’s successful in treating acne, those results have, as of yet, not been scientifically proven.

Dr. Nita Chainani-Wu from the University of California in San Francisco (UCSF) did an in-depth review of all published studies of turmeric for acne. She found that many studies were inconclusive due to lack of definitive results or poor study conduct. However, it was concluded that there were no side effects, regardless of amount and length of usage. Further valid studies would be needed for widespread medical acceptance to occur.

Turmeric Acne Treatments

The method for treating acne with turmeric can be both internal and external. A daily supplement can be taken internally for treatment. When taking orally, it is often recommended to supplement it with black pepper. A compound called piperine found in black pepper aids in the absorption of turmeric into the blood stream.

One popular method is to take the turmeric in a spoonful of extra virgin olive oil with a dash of black pepper. A recommended starting dose is two to three 500mg capsules a day, however more can be taken. Another oral method is to mix the turmeric into a drink.

Turmeric Acne Cocktail

1 oz juiced turmeric root or 1-2 tsp. of turmeric powder.
1 cup fruit juice, any kind will do. Depends on individual taste.
1 dash black pepper.

Mix the ingredients in a glass and then consume. This drink can be consumed multiple times a day.

Treating acne with turmeric externally is also possible. However, it is important to do a skin test before starting an extensive skin treatment plan, as too much turmeric can irritate the skin.

To use turmeric externally, a cream or mask can be made using other ingredients, such as honey or sesame oil. The most simple way is to mix ¼ tsp. of powdered turmeric with one or two teaspoons of milk cream. Then spread the cream on the skin evenly. Allow to sit for 15 minutes and then rinse gently.

Despite the lack of evidence that show that using turmeric for acne works there are abundance of testimonials from people who claim getting results from using this medicinal herb.

The risk to trying this herb as a acne remedy are usually minimal and might appeal to those that have had little success with other treatments or just prefer more natural approach.

For more information on turmeric click here.

Supporting References

1.http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/conditions/acne
2.http://www.acne-resource.org/understanding-acne/acne-statistics.html
3.The Mayo Clinic – Acne Treatments
4.http://theacnezone.com/turmeric-for-acne/
5.http://www.progressivehealth.com/turmeric-acne.htm
6.http://www.progressivehealth.com/turmeric-acne.htm
7.http://theacnezone.com/turmeric-for-acne/

May 19, 2014 By Thordur Sturluson Leave a Comment

Raspberry Ketones – A Weight Loss Wonder?

Raspberry ketones are one of the newest buzz in the diet and health industry and every year this molecular ingredient, extracted from the berries, is encapsulated in millions of pills intended to support weight loss and weight maintenance.

These ketones have been touted as the new weight loss miracle drug on the Dr. Oz show (for which he was paid a hefty promotional fee and is probably still making money off it in form of endorsement deals) and promoted in bright and flashing ads all over the internet.

What are Raspberry Ketones?

A ketone is a naturally occurring chemical that is found in many fruits and vegetables, not just raspberries. It is used as flavoring agent in the food and perfume industry as this chemical is responsible for the scent in raspberries, cranberries, peaches and other fruits. It is often extracted from the fruits and vegetables via a process that includes the chemicals acetone (which is also a ketone) and sodium hydroxide, which is a caustic chemical compound. Those two chemicals are applied to the fruits and vegetables through hydrogenation.

The occurrence of raspberry ketones in any fruit or vegetable is very low so it takes a large amount of them to obtain the in-demand chemical. This abstract from Biotechnology Journal covers the main issues surrounding cost in the production of raspberry ketone, so the hefty price tag on these supplements is for a reason.

Do They Work?

There is a naturally occurring chemical in our bodies called adiponectin that helps to regulate blood sugar and weight. It is believed by some that raspberry ketone can trigger increased production of adiponectin thereby making weight loss via diet and exercise more effective.

One of the aspects of raspberry ketones that can possibly help with weight loss is added energy. This can help with workout routines and other physical activity but can make the user jittery the same way that caffeine does.

The Studies

Raspberry ketones efficiency as a weight loss remedy has never been tested or verified in human trials. In fact, there have only been two documented studies done on animals, one on mice in Japan and another one on rats in Korea.

Life Sciences Journal published the Japanese study on raspberry ketone effects in mice in 2005, which concluded that the ketones actively support fat oxidation and fat burning. Even while consuming a high fat diet, the mice were losing body fat and preventing extra body fat from accumulating.

The other study done in Korea highlights the benefits of raspberry ketones through administration in rats, solidly improving their ability to release stored fat cells for energy usage (also known as burning fat for energy).

Though the rodents (and only males) were prevented from gaining weight via the use of the ketones, it is important to remember that humans share only about 85% of the genetic makeup with these critters. In addition, this published data also facilitated the administering of raspberry ketones through in vitro.

Most of the available sources about raspberry ketone’s success is in the form of testimonials from people who have used it and not from any official medical studies. It is also highly probable that many of these people have followed specific diet and exercise plans while using the chemical.

Is It Dangerous?

There has not been enough time to prove how the raspberry ketones operate in the human body, separate from eating actual fermented raspberries but it is thought that the ketones in general are safe as they are usually naturally occurring, and when used in moderation.

When used above the standard recommended dose which is usually around 100 mg per day, raspberry ketones can some serious side effects like altering the way the body controls glucose. Therefore people with diabetes should consult a doctor before using them. The ketones can also affect the thyroid gland, so it is important for people with thyroid problems to have regular blood tests to make sure the organ is working properly.

As with any medication, vitamin or supplement, anyone interested in using raspberry ketones should consult with their doctor prior, especially those with blood glucose or thyroid issues. And, as always, the manufacturer’s instructions on the label should be carefully followed.

For more information on raspberry visit the herb profile.

January 28, 2014 By Thordur Sturluson Leave a Comment

The Use of Black Cohosh for Menopause Treatment and Relief

Black Cohosh (Latin name Cimicifuga racemosa) is a perennial plant, with a wide range of uses. It belongs to the buttercup family and is native to Eastern part of North America. The roots and rhizomes (underground stems) of black cohosh are used for preparing herbal cures. The main constituents include triterpene glycosides, cinnamic acid derivatives, chromone, isoflavones, tannins and salicylic acid.

Black cohosh should not be confused with blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides). Despite similar names, both differ in terms of properties, uses, side effects etc. At times, the two are used together in order to stimulate labor. However, this combination carries the risk of adversely affecting the newborn and this is attributable to the presence of blue cohosh.

Traditionally, black cohosh was used by Native Americans and U.S. colonialists to treat a variety of conditions such as amenorrhea, chorea, dropsy, hysteria, itch, lumbago, nervous disorders, snakebite, yellow fever, fever and uterine disorders. But in recent times, black cohosh has come to be known as an herbal treatment for relieving menopause and menopausal symptoms. These include symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats, anxiety and depression, and vaginal dryness.

Clinical studies carried out in Germany indicate that black coshosh produces effects similar to estrogen. The daily dosage (as recommended by Germany’s Commission E Monographs) is, in extracts with alcohol 40 – 60 percent (v/v) corresponding, 40 mg of the drug. The phyto-estrogenic properties of the herb help in restoring hormonal balance in the system. For this reason, the use of black cohosh for menopause has become a popular treatment in the Western World. It is also recommended by herbal professionals as an effective herbal remedy to prevent miscarriage.

Women all over the world are becoming increasingly skeptical about hormone therapy because of the risks associated with it. An increase in the incidence of cardiovascular problems, breast cancer, blood clots caused by hormone therapy indicates that the risks seem to far outweigh the benefits. As such, more and more people are resorting to the use of alternative treatments with fairly mild side effects, such as black cohosh.

According to some studies, black cohosh may increase the effects of synthetic hormones in women who are on contraceptive pills or those on HRT. Since black cohosh produces estrogen-like effects, some believe that it may cause metastasis of the breast cancer tissue. But an experiment was carried out on mice to test this claim and it was found that black cohosh does not increase the risk of breast cancer, though it did promote metastasis of cancer to the lungs.

Black cohosh has but a few side effects like gastric problems and liver dysfunction, though this rarely occurs. Moreover, there are no contradictions and no known interactions with other drugs. However, black cohosh should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation. In any case, it is recommended that you seek medical advice before using it.

To visit the herb profile on black cohosh click here.

January 28, 2014 By Thordur Sturluson Leave a Comment

St. John’s Wort Versus Prescription Anti-Depressant

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a perennial herb native to Europe. It grows up to three feet in height and bears bright yellow flowers. The herb is best known as a cure for treating depression. Its foray into the American markets is fairly recent, as compared to Europe, where it has been a widely recognized cure for depression for a long time. The herb has been researched extensively, and several studies have concluded that St. John’s wort serves as a viable alternative to prescribed medicines. Not only is it thought to be as effective or better as the latter, but also with fewer side effects.

The British Medical Journal in 1996, on the basis of twenty-three clinical trials concluded that St. John’s Wort is indeed an effective treatment for depression, both major and minor. A similar study was carried out in France as well, which involved the participation of 375 subjects. The objective was to compare the herb with a placebo. A daily dosage of 900 mg of St. John’s wort (WS 5570) was found to be far more effective than a placebo.

St. John's wort herb — St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) – © The Herbal Resource

In 2007, the British Medical Journal published a study which compared St. John’s Wort to a prescription medicine. The study was carried out in several centers across Germany and went on for a period of three years, that is from 2000 to 2003. A total of 251 subjects, between the age of 18 and 70, participated in the study. All the subjects were patients of major or minor depression. The patients were divided into two groups, one group was given 900 mg daily dose of St. John’s Wort and the other one was given 20 mg of a pharmaceutical drug called Paroxetine, on a daily basis. The treatment period for each patient was six weeks, wherein they were given either of the two remedies and their progress was monitored. The final result was in favor of St. John’s Wort. The group that was given this herbal remedy as the treatment fared much better as compared to the group that was given paroxetine. On the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the decrease in the average total score of the former group was much more, three points to be precise, as compared to the other group.

The two groups were also monitored for side effects as well. In this aspect too, St. John’s wort fared better as compared to Paroxetine. Those given St. John’s wort suffered from 172 side effects, whereas the other group complained of as many as 269 side effects. The most common side effect for both groups was stomach upset.

St. John’s wort is readily available as a dietary supplement in health stores in the United States of America. This dietary supplement is similar to the WS 5570 that was used in clinical trials. Apart from a cure for depression, the herb has other uses too. For instance, it can be used to bring down alcohol consumption and it also has antimicrobial properties.

Though a natural remedy, St. John’s wort should not be consumed without first consulting a certified healthcare provider. According to the American Botanical Council, the herb tends to interact with other prescription drugs. Your healthcare provider will be able to tell you whether it is safe to consume St. John’s Wort with the drugs or dietary supplements you are already using.